Wolves Are Not Howling at the Moon, So Why Are They Howling?
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Wolves Are Not Howling at the Moon, So Why Are They Howling?
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ZOOL 567, Fall 2021
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adholmes
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ラルフ - Ralf RKLFoto
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USFWS Headquarters
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Canva
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Lovett, Annie
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It is a common misconception that wolves howl at the moon. The aim of this infographic is to inform why wolves howl and the differences in interpack and intrapack howling. Furthermore, social factors that influence interpack and intrapack howling are described.
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Ausband, D. E., Bassing, S. B., & Mitchell, M. S. (2020). Environmental and social factors influencing wolf (Canis lupus) howling behavior. Ethology, 126(9), 890–899. https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13041
Harrington, F. H. (1987). Aggressive howling in wolves. Animal Behaviour, 35(1), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80204-X
Harrington, F. H., & Asa, C. S. (2003). Wolf communication. In L. D. Mech and L. Boitani (Eds.), Wolves: Behaviour, ecology, and conservation (pp.66-103). University of Chicago Press.
Harrington, F. H., & Mech, L. D. (1979). Wolf howling and its role in territory maintenance. Behaviour, 68(3–4), 207–249. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853979X00322
Harrington, F. H., & Mech, L. D. (1983). Wolf pack spacing: Howling as a territory-independent spacing mechanism in a territorial population. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 12(2), 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00343208
Mazzini, F., Townsend, S. W., Virányi, Z., & Range, F. (2013). Wolf howling is mediated by relationship quality rather than underlying emotional stress. Current Biology, 23(17), 1677–1680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.066
Palacios, V., Font, E., Márquez, R., & Carazo, P. (2015). Recognition of familiarity on the basis of howls: A playback experiment in a captive group of wolves. Behaviour, 152(5), 593-614. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539X-00003244
Theberge, J. B., & Falls, J. B. (1967). Howling as a means of communication in timber wolves. American Zoologist, 7(2), 331–338. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/7.2.331
Watson, S. K., Townsend, S. W., & Range, F. (2018). Wolf howls encode both sender- and context-specific information. Animal Behaviour, 145, 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.09.005
Zaccaroni, M., Passilongo, D., Buccianti, A., Dessì-Fulgheri, F., Facchini, C., Gazzola, A., Maggini, I., & Apollonio, M. (2012). Group specific vocal signature in free-ranging wolf packs. Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 24(4), 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/03949370.2012.664569
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11/30/2021
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Communication
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