Zoology 567 - Fall 2021 · Equine Pain: How to identify and assess pain based on facial expressions in horses

Title

Equine Pain: How to identify and assess pain based on facial expressions in horses

Source

ZOOL 567, Fall 2021

Rights

CC BY

Contributor

Aranagraphics
Freepik

Creator

Shakeri, Ariana

Description

This infographic describes how to identify and assess the presence of pain in horses through observing their facial expressions. Information provided includes the importance of facial expressions in communicating horse welfare, the benefits of using facial expressions as an assessment tool, and what facial indicators horses express when in pain.

References

1. Dalla Costa, E., Minero, M., Lebelt, D., Stucke, D., Canali, E., & Leach, M. C. (2014). Development of the horse grimace scale (HGS) as a pain assessment tool in horses undergoing routine castration. PLOS ONE, 9(3), e92281. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092281

2. Gleerup, K. B., Forkman, B., Lindegaard, C., & Andersen, P. H. (2015). An equine pain face. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 42(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12212

3. Hintze, S., Smith, S., Patt, A., Bachmann, I., & Würbel, H. (2016). Are eyes a mirror of the soul? What eye wrinkles reveal about a horse’s emotional state. PLOS ONE, 11(10), e0164017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164017

4. Mullard, J., Berger, J. M., Ellis, A. D., & Dyson, S. (2017). Development of an ethogram to describe facial expressions in ridden horses (FEReq). Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 18, 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.005

5. Pritchett, L. C., Ulibarri, C., Roberts, M. C., Schneider, R. K., & Sellon, D. C. (2003). Identification of potential physiological and behavioral indicators of postoperative pain in horses after exploratory celiotomy for colic. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 80(1), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00205-8

6. Taylor, P. M., Pascoe, P. J., & Mama, K. R. (2002). Diagnosing and treating pain in the horse. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, 18(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0739(02)00009-3

7. van Loon, J. P. A. M., & Van Dierendonck, M. C. (2018). Objective pain assessment in horses (2014–2018). The Veterinary Journal, 242, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.10.001

8. Viñuela-Fernández, I., Jones, E., Welsh, E. M., & Fleetwood-Walker, S. M. (2007). Pain mechanisms and their implication for the management of pain in farm and companion animals. The Veterinary Journal, 174(2), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.02.002

9. Wathan, J., Burrows, A. M., Waller, B. M., & McComb, K. (2015). EquiFACS: The equine facial action coding system. PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0131738. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131738

10. Wathan, J., Proops, L., Grounds, K., & McComb, K. (2016). Horses discriminate between facial expressions of conspecifics. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 38322. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38322

Date

December 1, 2021

Equine Pain: How to identify and assess pain based on facial expressions in horses

Item